24Mar 2026

World Meteorological Day 2026: Climate Monitoring

World Meteorological Day Highlights Climate Monitoring Importance Globally Why in the News ? World Meteorological Day is being observed on 23rd March 2026 with the theme “Observing today, protecting tomorrow”, highlighting the role of meteorological services, global cooperation, and climate data in ensuring disaster preparedness, sustainability, and societal well-being through comprehensive environmental impact assessment and …

25Nov 2025

Volcanic Ash from Ethiopia Threatens India’s Aviation

Volcanic Ash from Ethiopia Threatens India’s Aviation Why in the News? Volcanic ash from Ethiopia’s Hayli Gubbi eruption is drifting towards India, prompting the DGCA to issue safety advisories for airlines and airports. The ash cloud, entering through Rajasthan, could affect flight paths and visibility across several Indian states, potentially causing disruptions similar to mass …

29Sep 2025

Fujiwhara Effect Observed in Tropical Cyclones

Tropical Cyclones Exhibit Rare Fujiwhara Interaction Effect Why in the News? Tropical Storm Humberto and a developing cyclone near the Caribbean may interact through the rare Fujiwhara effect, a phenomenon where nearby cyclones orbit or merge, potentially impacting the southeastern US coast with high winds, rainfall, and storm surges. This event highlights the importance of …

25Sep 2025

Typhoon Ragasa: Strongest Storm of 2025 Explained

Super Typhoon Ragasa (2025): Key Features & Naming System In September 2025, Super Typhoon Ragasa struck several East Asian regions, including the Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and southern China. Originating around September 17 in the western Pacific as a tropical depression, Ragasa intensified rapidly over warm ocean waters to become a severe typhoon. According …

24Sep 2025

NCMRWF, NSIL Collaborate for Mission Mausam Stations

NCMRWF, NSIL Collaborate for Mission Mausam Stations Why in the News ? The National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) and New Space India Limited (NSIL) signed an MoU to set up Direct Broadcast Network stations in Delhi-NCR and Chennai under Mission Mausam, strengthening real-time satellite data reception. This collaboration comes as part of …

16Sep 2025

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advection atmosphere climate conduction convection Earth Science gs paper 1 heat transfer meteorology physical geography radiation temperature distribution UPSC
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Radiation, Convection, Conduction, Advection UPSC

This image explains how heat travels through radiation, conduction, convection, and advection, shaping Earth’s climate and atmospheric patterns. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for analyzing weather and energy balance in Geography for UPSC.

02Jul 2025

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climate early monsoon low pressure systems Madden-Julian Oscillation meteorology MJO monsoon coverage monsoon rainfall weather patterns
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Low Pressure & MJO Boost Early Monsoon Coverage

Low Pressure Systems & MJO: Driving Early Monsoon Coverage Why It’s in the News Early Arrival: The southwest monsoon covered India by June 29, 9 days ahead of its normal date of July 8, significantly impacting weather conditions across the country. Rare Occurrence: This marks only the 10th instance since 1960 of full June coverage, …

19May 2024

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RED ALERT ISSUED FOR DELHI AND OTHER REGIONS

Why in the news? The India Meteorological Department (IMD) issued a ‘red’ alert for Delhi on 19 May due to ongoing heatwave conditions. This alert indicates a very high likelihood of heat-related illnesses and serious health concerns for vulnerable populations, including the elderly, infants, and those with chronic diseases. Source-ToI Key points: Temperature Records: On …

16May 2024

SOUTHWEST MONSOON LIKELY TO HIT KERALA ON MAY 31

Why in the news? IMD predicts southwest monsoon onset over Kerala likely on May 31. Possible weather model deviation of four days. Climatological normal date for onset in Kerala is June 1, with a seven-day standard deviation. About Indian Meteorological Department( IMD): Agency: Ministry of Earth Sciences, responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting, and seismology. …

12Apr 2024

CLIMATOLOGY

Atmosphere and Its Composition The atmosphere is an intricate and dynamic layer of gases that envelops the Earth, playing a crucial role in sustaining life and influencing global climate patterns. Understanding its composition, structure, and the forces that shape it is fundamental to meteorology, environmental science, and climatology. Definition and Composition The atmosphere is a …

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UPSC Prelims 2026 Live Paper Discussion & Detailed Answer Key Analysis