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13Aug 2025

India to Launch First Indigenous Sat Constellation

India to Build First Indigenous Satellite Constellation Why in the News ? A private consortium led by PixxelSpace India will develop India’s first commercial Earth Observation (EO) satellite constellation under the EO-PPP model, enhancing data sovereignty, boosting the domestic space economy, and reducing dependence on foreign satellite data. Project Details and Significance: Consortium Composition: Led …

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01Jul 2025

India to Launch 52 Satellites Post-Sindoor

INDIA FAST-TRACKS 52 SATELLITES AFTER OPERATION SINDOOR Why in the News? Strategic move: India to fast-track 52 surveillance satellites post Operation Sindoor to boost precision monitoring, enhancing the nation’s space warfare readiness. This initiative aims to provide a dignified life for citizens by ensuring national security. Cabinet approval: In October 2023, the Cabinet approved $3.2 …

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26Jun 2025

Indian Astronaut Returns to Space After 41 Years

INDIAN ASTRONAUT IN SPACE AFTER 41-YEAR GAP Why in the News? Historic launch: Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla launched aboard Axiom-4 mission (Ax-4) from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. Milestone moment: Marks the first Indian in space since Rakesh Sharma (1984) — a 41-year gap. Global mission: The Ax-4 crew will dock at the International Space Station …

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09Jun 2025

India’s Expanding Horizons in Space Exploration: From Earth to Orbit

India’s Expanding Horizons in Space Exploration: From Earth to Orbit In June 2025, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla of the Indian Air Force became the first Indian to reach the International Space Station (ISS), marking a historic milestone in India’s growing role in human space exploration and strengthening International Space Station India connections. He was part …

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28Apr 2025

ISRO Successfully Conducts Second Short Hot Test

ISRO Successfully Conducts Second Short Hot Test Why in the News ? ISRO has successfully completed the second short-duration hot test of its semicryogenic engine at the ISRO Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri. This test is a crucial milestone toward validating the engine systems before their induction into future launch vehicles. Successful Semicryogenic Engine Test: ISRO conducted …

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26Apr 2025

Renowned Scientist Kasturirangan Passes Away at 84

Renowned Scientist Kasturirangan Passes Away at 84 Why in the News ? Former ISRO Chairman Dr. K. Kasturirangan passed away at the age of 84 in Bengaluru. A prominent figure in India’s space and education sectors, he was associated with key ISRO missions and had also served as a Rajya Sabha member. Life and Career …

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13Apr 2024

CHANDRAYAAN 4-ISRO CHIEF SOMANATH SHARES PLANS FOR NEXT MOON MISSION IN 2040

Why in the news? ISRO plans Chandrayaan-4 mission for lunar exploration, aiming to land an Indian astronaut on the moon by 2040. source:slideseerve About the  plans for India’s next lunar mission: ISRO chief S Somnath discusses plans for India’s next lunar mission, Chandrayaan-4, aiming to land an astronaut on the moon by 2040. Chandrayaan-4 is …

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12Apr 2024

ISRO’S ‘ZERO ORBITAL DEBRIS’ MILESTONE

Syllabus: GS 2: Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology. Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights. Focus: The rise in satellite launches has led to a new crisis for spacefaring nations: space debris, which ISRO’s recent …

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11Apr 2024

URBANIZATION

Introduction Urbanization represents a fundamental transformation in the way human societies are organized and how they interact with the natural environment. This process is characterized by a significant shift in population distribution, moving from predominantly rural settings to urban centers. The Essence of Urbanization At its core, urbanization is about the progressive increase in the …

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