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SC 9-JUDGE BENCH EXAMINES DEFINITION OF ‘INDUSTRY’ Why in the News? Constitution Bench Hearing: Supreme Court’s 9-judge Bench began hearing on definition of ‘industry’ under labour law. Key Legal Issue: Court examining whether government welfare activities qualify as ‘industry’ or sovereign functions, similar to debates around ex post facto environmental clearances. Legal issues in defining …
Read MoreSC HOLDS ALL ADOPTIVE MOTHERS ENTITLED TO MATERNITY LEAVE Why in the News? Judicial Ruling: Supreme Court held all adoptive mothers entitled to 12 weeks maternity leave, irrespective of child’s age. Policy Suggestion: Court urged government to introduce paternity leave as a social security measure. Key aspects of the Supreme Court judgment Provision Read Down: …
Read MoreSIXTEENTH FINANCE COMMISSION AND THE FEDERAL BALANCE Syllabus: GS-2: Centre-State Relations, Indian Constitution, Co-operative Federalism, Constitutional Bodies WHY IN THE NEWS? The Sixteenth Finance Commission submitted its recommendations for 2026–31, and the Union government accepted its proposals on tax devolution. Debates have emerged over whether States gained from the Commission’s decisions on vertical and horizontal …
Read MoreUNION GOVERNMENT PRESCRIBES OFFICIAL PROTOCOL FOR VANDE MATARAM Why in the News? Protocol Notification: Union Home Ministry issued a 10-page order prescribing official rules for singing or playing Vande Mataram at designated state occasions, reminiscent of the rigorous process of environmental clearance for projects. Ceremonial Clarification: The order mandates that the six-stanza official version be …
Read MoreStatutory Interpretation Overrides Judicial Hierarchy: Supreme Court Why in the News ? The Supreme Court of India ruled that statutory interpretation cannot be guided by judicial hierarchy, holding that powers under Section 29A of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 must be exercised strictly as per legislative intent, not court status. Supreme Court’s Key Ruling …
Read MoreTamil Nadu Rejects UGC Push for Third Language Why in the News? The Tamil Nadu government opposed a recent UGC circular mandating a third language in higher education, calling it an indirect attempt at Hindi imposition, and urged the Union government to withdraw the directive, reiterating commitment to the two-language policy. Tamil Nadu’s Objection to …
Read MoreWHY ARTICLE 6 IS A POWERFUL TOOL FOR INDIA Syllabus: GS-2: ● Indian constitution – Significant provisions ● Indian constitutional schemes Why in the News? At COP29, carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement were fully operationalised, including the Article 6.4 crediting mechanism. In August 2025, India signed its first Joint Crediting Mechanism …
Read MoreRight to Healthy Environment and Constitutional Responsibility Why in the News? Amid worsening air pollution in Delhi-NCR, renewed debate has emerged on recognising the right to a healthy environment as an explicit fundamental right, building on judicial interpretations of Article 21 and strengthening the state’s constitutional responsibility for environmental protection. This debate includes discussions on …
Read MorePending Trials Cannot Justify Indefinite Passport Denial Why in the News? The Supreme Court of India ruled that passport authorities cannot indefinitely deny passport renewal merely due to pending criminal proceedings, affirming that the right to travel abroad and hold a passport flows from Article 21 of the Constitution. This decision reflects principles of environmental …
Read MoreReimagining Governance in Post-Maoist Fifth Schedule India Syllabus: GS Paper – 2 Government Policies & Interventions GS Paper – 3 Left Wing Extremism Why in the News ? The decline of Maoist influence in several Fifth Schedule areas has renewed focus on the governance failures that historically enabled insurgency. Recent debates highlight how administrative neglect, …
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