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India Firmly Affirms Sovereignty Over Jammu and Kashmir at United Nation Human Rights Council (UNHRC)

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• During the ‘Right of Reply’ session at the 55th Regular Session of the UNHRC, First Secretary Anupama Singh emphasized that Jammu and Kashmir’s affairs are internal matters for India, and Pakistan lacks the standing to comment on India’s internal affairs;
• India has firmly asserted that Jammu and Kashmir, along with Ladakh, constitutes an integral and inalienable part of the country;
• The Government of India has implemented constitutional measures to ensure socio-economic development and effective governance in these Union Territories.

UNHRC

• About: The UNHRC, an integral United Nations entity, is dedicated to the global promotion and protection of human rights;
• Members HQ: Comprising 47 members chosen through staggered three-year terms based on regional groups, the Council is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland;
• Establishment: Established on March 15, 2006, by the United Nations General Assembly, it succeeded the United Nations Commission on Human Rights;
• Function: It function as a vital investigative body, the Council examines allegations of human rights violations within UN member states and actively engages in addressing thematic human rights concerns, including freedom of association and assembly, expression, belief and religion, women’s rights, LGBT rights, and the rights of racial and ethnic minorities.

India & UNHRC (Recent)

• In 2021, India secured re-election to the UNHRC for the term spanning 2022-24, affirming its commitment to advancing human rights through the principles of “Samman, Samvad, and Sahyog.” During the same year, India chose to abstain from a crucial vote concerning Sri Lanka’s human rights record at the UNHRC in Geneva;
• NOTE: Members serve for three-year terms and are not eligible for immediate re-election after two consecutive terms.
• During the most recent UNHRC session, India abstained from one resolution addressing the human rights situation in Palestine. However, it voted in favor of three other resolutions condemning Israel on matters related to the Golan Heights, the expansion of Israeli settlements in the Occupied Territories, and supporting the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people;
• At the 48th session of the Human Rights Council, India strongly asserted that Pakistan is internationally recognized as a country openly supporting, training, financing, and arming terrorists, including those prescribed by the UN, as part of its state policy. Furthermore, India criticized Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) for bringing up the Kashmir issue at the UN Human Rights Commission.

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)

• Overview: The NHRC is dedicated to ensuring the protection of individuals’ rights pertaining to life, liberty, equality, and dignity. It upholds the rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution and international covenants, which are enforceable by Indian courts;
• Establishment: Founded on October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993, the NHRC has undergone amendments through the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2006, and the Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019. Its establishment aligns with the Paris Principles, a framework adopted to promote and safeguard human rights;
• Composition: The Commission is comprised of a chairperson, five full-time members, and seven deemed members. The chairman is either a former Chief Justice of India or a sitting Supreme Court judge;
• Appointment and Tenure: The President appoints the chairman and members based on the recommendations of a six-member committee. This committee includes the Prime Minister, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, leaders of the Opposition in both Houses of Parliament, and the Union Home Minister. The chairman and members hold office for a term of three years or until they reach the age of 70;
• Role and Function: The Commission possesses the powers of a civil court during judicial proceedings. It is authorized to utilize the services of central or state government officers or investigation agencies for probing human rights violations. The Commission can investigate matters within one year of their occurrence, and its functions are primarily of a recommendatory nature.

Source: Newsonair

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