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Introduction The Later Vedic Period (900–600 BC) marked the shift from a tribal lineage-based system (Jana) to territorial states (Janapada). Janapadas engaged in conflicts for resources and political supremacy, leading to territorial expansion. Some Janapadas expanded their territories and incorporated various janas under their rule, evolving into Mahajanapadas (large empires). Mahajanapadas had either monarchical or …
Read MoreSources ● Literary sources: Mahabharata, Ramayana, and dharmasastras. ● Buddhist texts like the Tripitakas and Jatakas, Jaina texts, and Greek accounts. ● Archaeological excavations Origin of Buddhism and Jainism Buddhism and Jainism emerged as significant heterodox movements during the post-Vedic era as a response to the Kshatriya opposition against the …
Read MoreIntroduction The Vedic Age spanned from 1500 to 600 BC, occurring in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of Indian history. It marked the period between the decline of the urban Indus Valley Civilization and the onset of the second urbanization phase, starting around 600 BC in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain. During this …
Read MoreIntroduction The Indus Valley Civilization, or the Harappan Culture, appeared in the northwestern part of India and Pakistan in the third millennium BC and represents the first phase of urbanization in India. Phases Features Early Harappan or Regionalisation (3300-2600 BC) Fortification, grid planning, development of incipient trade network and craft specialization Transitional Phase Increasing craft …
Read MoreHistory can be categorized into three distinct phases: Prehistory, Proto-history, and History. Prehistory encompasses events predating the invention of writing, often represented by the three Stone Ages. The Indian Stone Age is divided into three main categories. These are: Old Stone Age, or Palaeolithic Age Late Stone Age, or Mesolithic Age New Stone Age, or …
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