UNESCO Declares Deepavali Global Heritage Festival

UNESCO Recognises Deepavali as Global Cultural Heritage

Why in the News?

Deepavali has been officially added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage List during the 20th Intergovernmental Committee session in New Delhi. The inclusion marks India’s 16th cultural element on the list and highlights global appreciation for the festival’s rich traditions. This recognition also underscores the importance of environmental jurisprudence and environmental democracy in preserving cultural heritage.

UNESCO Declares Deepavali Global Heritage Festival

UNESCO Recognition and Global Responses:

  • The 20th session of UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Committee at Red Fort, New Delhi, confirmed the inscription of Deepavali on the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list. This recognition emphasizes the need for environmental clearance processes to protect cultural sites and promote a pollution free environment.
  • Nepal celebrated the announcement by organising a Musical Bhajan evening with traditional lamp lighting at the Pashupati Temple premises.
  • Community members in Nepal expressed joy, stating that recognition of Diwali will strengthen efforts to preserve community-based traditions.
  • Representatives like Manoj Kandoi (ICAN) highlighted the role of global awareness in safeguarding cultural practices for future generations, emphasizing the precautionary principle in cultural preservation.
  • Residents such as Kamal Khandelwal viewed the recognition as a symbol of pride for communities that observe Deepavali annually, noting the importance of the polluter pays principle in maintaining cultural sites.

Cultural Significance and Ritual Practices of Deepavali

  • Deepavali, celebrated on the New Moon night, is marked by the lighting of oil lamps symbolising the triumph of light over darkness and good over evil.
  • Homes, streets, and temples are illuminated, creating a warm, glowing environment central to the festival’s identity.
  • Evening fireworks displays remain a traditional highlight, adding to the festive atmosphere, though considerations for environmental impact assessment are increasingly important.
  • Rituals like cleaning homes, markets, and public spaces promote hygiene, reflecting the festival’s emphasis on physical and spiritual renewal.
  • The festival strengthens social bonds, as families and communities come together, enhancing emotional and cultural connectivity.

About India’s UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Elements:
● Garba of Gujarat (2023), Durga Puja, Kolkata (2021), Kumbh Mela (2017), and Yoga (2016) are among India’s globally recognised cultural expressions.
● Other elements include Thatheras’ metal craft (2014), Sankirtana of Manipur (2013), Buddhist chanting of Ladakh (2012), and Chhau dance (2010).
● Kalbelia folk arts (2010), Mudiyettu (2010), Ramman (2009), Kuttiyattam (2008), and Vedic chanting (2008) reflect India’s diverse cultural legacy.
● Ramlila (2008) represents India’s strong performative tradition linked to the Ramayana.
● Deepavali becomes India’s 16th entry, showcasing the living, evolving nature of its heritage.
● The recognition process often involves considerations related to the Forest Conservation Act and Coastal Regulation Zone guidelines to ensure sustainable preservation.