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11Nov 2025

Nebular & Planetesimal Hypothesis: Origin of Solar System

This image illustrates the Nebular and Planetesimal Hypotheses explaining the formation and structure of our solar system, including key concepts of planetary formation and their limitations. It belongs to UPSC GS Paper 1, Geography (Physical Geography), covering the topic “Origin and Evolution of the Earth

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17Oct 2025

Depositional Landforms of Rivers

This diagram illustrates key depositional landforms created by rivers, highlighting processes like delta formation, flood plain development, and estuarine mixing. Relevant for UPSC GS Paper 1 (Geography), it covers core physical geography concepts essential for civil service preparations.

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11Apr 2024

Chapter 7 : Geology and Rock System

Minerals Minerals are fundamental building blocks of the Earth’s crust and have significant importance in various fields, including geology, materials science, and economics. Here’s an in-depth look at the concept of minerals, expanding on the points mentioned: Definition and Characteristics Basic Definition: Minerals are naturally occurring substances characterized by an orderly atomic arrangement and a …

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11Apr 2024

DISTRIBUTION OF OCEAN AND CONTINENTS

Introduction The configuration of continents and oceans on Earth is not static. Throughout geological history, the arrangement of these land and water bodies has undergone significant changes, and it will continue to evolve in the future. To explain the dynamic nature of Earth’s surface, scientists have developed various theories over time. One of the most …

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08Apr 2024

INTERIOR OF THE EARTH

Earth’s Surface Configuration The Earth’s surface is a dynamic and complex structure, shaped by a multitude of forces and processes that operate both externally and internally. These forces, known as endogenic and exogenic processes, play a pivotal role in sculpting the landscape we inhabit and significantly influence the livelihoods of people around the world. Endogenic …

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