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National Board for Wildlife: History, Role, and Controversies

Why in the news?

This title concisely captures the historical evolution, functions, and controversies surrounding the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL). It highlights the board’s significance in conservation while addressing the challenges and criticisms it has faced, ensuring a well-rounded perspective.

About Recent Developments & Key Decisions:

• PM Narendra Modi chaired the first full-body meeting of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) in 12 years.
• The meeting, held at Gir National Park on World Wildlife Day (March 3), reviewed multiple wildlife conservation programs.
• New initiatives were launched for the Gharial and Great Indian Bustard, while the Cheetah project was expanded.
• The 16th cycle of lion estimation was also initiated.
• The NBWL, established in 2003, is chaired by the Prime Minister, with the Union Environment Minister as Vice-Chairperson.

Controversies & Criticism

• The NBWL has approved several infrastructure projects affecting wildlife, leading to protests from ecologists.
• Key projects include the Ken-Betwa river linking (impacting Panna Tiger Reserve) and oil exploration in Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary.
• In 2021, Galathea Bay Sanctuary (a leatherback turtle nesting site) was denotified for a port project.
• The 2014 reconstitution of the Standing Committee reduced NGO representation, raising concerns about weakened oversight.

Role & Structure of  National Board for Wildlife (NBWL):

• Formed after amending the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, replacing the Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL) (established in 1952).
• Serves as India’s apex advisory body for wildlife policy, conservation, and national parks.
• Comprises 47 members, including government officials, MPs, conservationists, and five NGO representatives.
• Delegates routine work to the Standing Committee, which reviews projects near protected areas.