GLUTEN’S ROLE IN FOOD INDUSTRY AND HEALTH CONCERNS

Why in the news?

Heightened awareness of gluten’s impact on health has increased demand for gluten-free options, especially for those with coeliac disease or gluten sensitivity, highlighting the protein’s role in food science.

source:medium

What is Gluten?

Definition and Composition: Gluten is a protein found primarily in wheat, barley, and rye. It consists of gliadins and glutenins, which create an elastic network when mixed with water, providing dough with its chewy texture and helping it rise.

Role in Food: Valued in the food industry, gluten is often concentrated and added to foods to improve protein content, binding, and texture, making it a versatile ingredient in food processing.

Health Concerns Linked to Gluten:

  • Digestion Issues: Gluten is not fully broken down by protease enzymes, meaning undigested gluten can reach the small intestine, potentially causing gastrointestinal discomfort in sensitive individuals.
  • Coeliac Disease: Coeliac disease, affecting about 2% of the population, is an autoimmune condition where the body mistakenly attacks its own proteins in response to gluten, leading to small intestine inflammation, digestive issues, and nutrient malabsorption. Individuals with this condition must maintain a strict gluten-free diet.

Importance of Understanding Gluten:

  • Informed Dietary Choices: Awareness of gluten’s properties and potential health effects helps individuals with gluten sensitivity or coeliac disease make informed dietary decisions.

Significance in Food Science: Recognizing gluten’s functional role and health impacts underscores its importance in food science, guiding both the industry and consumers in dietary and health considerations

 

What is Protein ?

  • Definition: Proteins are essential molecules in biological systems, serving as the workhorse of cellular functions.
  • Functions: They facilitate critical processes such as gene expression, cell growth, proliferation, nutrient uptake, intercellular communication, and apoptosis.
  • Role in Cells: Proteins are crucial for maintaining cellular structure and regulating biochemical reactions