Genetic Mechanisms in Tardigrades Enable Extreme Radiation Resistance

Why in the News?

A research team has identified specific genetic mechanisms in a new species of tardigrade, Hypsibius henanensis, that allow it to survive high radiation levels. The discovery could lead to innovations in astronaut protection, nuclear cleanup, and cancer treatment advancements.

Genetic Mechanisms in Tardigrades Enable Extreme Radiation Resistance

About Genetic Mechanisms Behind Tardigrade Radiation Resistance:

  • Scientists recently identified genetic traits in Hypsibius henanensis, a newly discovered tardigrade species, enabling resistance to intense radiation.
  • The species has 14,701 genes, with approximately 30% being unique to tardigrades, which activate to shield and repair DNA when exposed to radiation.
  • Findings published in Science reveal that these traits may benefit human health, particularly in enhancing cell resistance to radiation, according to biologist Lingqiang Zhang.

Study Methods and Species Discovery:

  • Hypsibius henanensis was discovered six years ago from moss samples on Funiu Mountain, China, brought back to a Beijing lab for analysis.
  • After genome sequencing, researchers identified 2,801 genes related to DNA repair in this species.
  • By exposing the tardigrades to gamma radiation beyond human survival levels, scientists observed the activation of protective mechanisms.

Key Findings and Potential Applications:

  • Hypsibius henanensis repairs double-strand DNA breaks using a protein called
  • It has genes that switch on under radiation, producing proteins critical for mitochondrial synthesis, aiding in DNA repair.
  • The species also produces betalain pigments as antioxidants to counteract cellular damage from radiation. Testing these pigments on human cells showed improved survival post-radiation, hinting at future applications in medical treatments and space missions.

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times