Juanga Tribe: Culture, Livelihood, and Human Rights Challenges

Why in the News?

The NHRC intervened in a case of human rights violations faced by the Juanga tribe in Odisha’s Keonjhar district. As one of the PVTGs, they continue to struggle with land rights, socio-economic marginalization, and access to basic services.

Juanga Tribe: Culture, Livelihood, and Human Rights Challenges

About Cultural Identity and Social Structure of  Juanga tribe:

  • The Juanga tribe, one of Odisha’s 13 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), has a unique cultural heritage rooted in ancient traditions.
  • They primarily reside in the Keonjhar and Dhenkanal districts, with a population of around 50,000 (Census 2011).
  • The Juanga language, part of the Austroasiatic Munda family, is integral to their identity.
  • Their clan-based social structure and kinship system continue to influence their community life.

Traditional Livelihood and Adaptations

  • Originally hunter-gatherers, they later practiced shifting cultivation, but British-era forest restrictions disrupted their livelihood.
  • To adapt, they developed skills in basket-weaving, exchanging handmade goods for essential supplies like salt, oil, and food.
  • Historically, Juanga women were known as “leaf-wearers” (Patuas), wearing leaf girdles, while men wore minimal clothing.
  • Over time, external influences led them to adopt mainstream attire.

Religious Beliefs and Current Challenges

  • The Juangas follow animistic traditions, worshipping the Sun God, along with Hindu deities and tribal spirits.
  • Despite cultural adaptations, they face human rights issues, recently highlighted by an NHRC intervention in Keonjhar district.
  • Challenges include land rights concerns, socio-economic marginalization, and access to basic services, necessitating policy support for their well-being.