Hidden Risks of Rhodamine B in Consumables

Why in the news?

Rhodamine B, a synthetic dye linked to cancer, is banned in food products in several countries, including India. Its illegal use in consumables, such as cotton candy, has prompted public health actions and regulatory bans to protect consumers.

Hidden Risks of Rhodamine B in Consumables

Global Perspective on Rhodamine B:

  • Rhodamine B is a synthetic dye used in textiles, paper, leather, and scientific research for its fluorescent properties.
  • Studies reveal its carcinogenic potential, with evidence of DNA damage, mutations, and tumor development in animals.
  • The S. FDA has long banned Rhodamine B in food products due to its carcinogenic risks.
  • In January 2025, the FDA issued a stricter ban, citing high exposure risks for children from candies and baked goods.
  • The European Union classifies Rhodamine B as a “substance of very high concern” and has banned it in cosmetics.

Health Concerns:

  • Medical experts warn that synthetic dyes, including Rhodamine B, may induce DNA damage, oxidative stress, and allergic reactions.
  • Vulnerable groups like children and immunocompromised individuals face heightened risks.
  • Experts recommend proactive research by FSSAI, stricter enforcement, and public education on food safety to curb harmful dye usage.
  • Governments, industries, and consumers must prioritize health over aesthetics to ensure safe food consumption.

India’s Battle Against Rhodamine B:

  • In India, Rhodamine B has been illegally used in food to enhance visual appeal, posing severe health risks.
  • Tamil Nadu banned cotton candy production in February 2024 after detecting Rhodamine B, citing violations of the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006.
  • Karnataka (March 2024) and Puducherry followed with similar bans on street foods like cotton candy and “Gobi Manchurian.”
  • Himachal Pradesh imposed a one-year ban in May 2024 to prevent the dye’s carcinogenic effects on consumers.

About Rhodamine-B

  • Water-soluble chemical compound
  • Appears green in powder form, turns fluorescent pink when in contact with water
  • Used primarily in textile, paper, leather, and paints industries as a coloring agent
  • Attains shades in the red and pink spectrum
  • Prohibited in food globally due to toxicity
  • Punishable offence under the Food Safety Standards Act, 2006 for using Rhodamine-B in food at weddings or public events
  • Classified as an industrial dye and not allowed in food products due to its health risks.

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times