Autonomous Council elections of Assam

News

• The North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council elections in Assam have seen the BJP hold onto power.
• The BJP secured 25 seats in the 28-member Council. Independent candidates won the final three seats. Unopposed, six BJP candidates prevailed in the polls. Debolal Gorlosa, the current Chief Executive Member and leader of the BJP, was chosen from the Dehangi constituency.

NOTE: The North Cachar Hills Autonomous District Council was established on April 29, 1952, under Article 244(2) of the Indian Constitution’s Sixth Schedule. It was subsequently acknowledged as an independent council and the Council was renamed the Dima Hasao Autonomous Council in 2022.

Autonomous District Council (ADC)

• The Sixth Schedule lists ten tribal areas from Assam (3), Meghalaya (3), Tripura (1), and Mizoram (3). These tribal regions are divided into autonomous districts. An ADC exists in every autonomous district.
• Membership: ADCs may consist of up to 30 members, each serving a five-year term. The governor may designate up to four of the members, while the other 26 are chosen through adult suffrage.
• Tenure: The District Councils’ terms begin on the date of their constitution and last for five years.
• Revenue source (as stated in the Sixth Schedule):
  • Taxes on occupations, trades, professions, and employment; taxes on automobiles, boats, and animals;
  • Taxes on the entry of goods into a market and sale therein, and tolls on passenger and goods carried on ferries; and taxes for the maintenance of school, dispensaries or roads.

 About Auonomous Councils

• The Constituent Assembly debated and approved the Fifth and Sixth Schedules from September 5–7, 1949 and the Constitution addresses India’s tribal population through two separate Schedules of Constitution i.e. 5th & 6th Schedules;
• The Fifth Schedule applies to the vast majority of India’s tribes in nine states, whereas the Sixth Schedule covers areas settled in the northeastern states bordering China and Myanmar;
• Significant autonomy is granted to tribal communities by the Sixth Schedule, which includes autonomous regions such as the States of Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, and Mizoram.
• Reason for such Schedules: The preservation of their traditions, improved economic growth, and—above all—ethnic security are all determined by the mandate towards devolution, deconcentration, and divestment.

What does the 6th Schedule’s provisions entail?

• As per Article 244, the administration of the tribal areas in the four northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram is covered by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution;
• The governor has the authority to rename the autonomous districts or increase or decrease their area. Although the Union retains executive authority over the administration of the the fifth schedule in Scheduled areas, the state retains executive authority over the sixth schedule areas.
• Autonomous districts and regions are not subject to the acts of Parliament or state legislatures, or they are subject to specific modifications and exclusions.
• The Councils are also empowered to establish village courts and other broad civil and criminal justice functions. But these councils’ authority is limited by the authority of the relevant High Court.
• The sixth schedule to the Constitution includes 10 autonomous district councils in 4 states. These are the following:
  • Assam: Dima Hasao Autonomous District Council, Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council, and Bodoland Territorial Council
  • Meghalaya: Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council, Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council, and Garo Hills Autonomous District Council
  • Tripura: The District Council of the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous
  • Mizoram: Chakma Autonomous District Council, Lai Autonomous District Council, Mara Autonomous District Council.

Source: newsonair

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