• UGI USER
  • Dec 07, 2023
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CHANDRAYAAN-3’S PROPULSION MODULE: A STRATEGIC RETURN TO EARTH ORBIT

Why in the News?

  • The Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion Module (PM), which initially ventured to lunar orbit, surprises scientists by retracing its steps back to Earth orbit.
  • This unexpected move showcases the logistical advantages of the mission, particularly the fuel reserves.
  • Impromptu Manoeuvre:Similar to the spontaneous ‘hop’ experiment, where the lander executed a brief engine firing, the PM’s return exploits available fuel efficiently.

Chandrayaan-3’s Unique Features

Mission Design:

  • Chandrayaan-3 differs from its predecessor, featuring a lightweight Propulsion Module instead of a full-fledged orbiter.
  • Communication with Earth is facilitated by utilizing the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter, still operational in lunar orbit.

Scientific Payload:

  • The PM carries the Spectro Polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) instrument, designed to study Earth’s habitability signatures and identify habitable exoplanets.
  • SHAPE’s mission life was initially planned for three months.
Source: Indian Express

Positive Outcomes/ Learning Opportunities

  • Software Development Opportunity: The unexpected manoeuvre serves as a demonstration for future lunar sample return missions and aids ISRO in software development for trajectory planning.
  • Understanding Small Spacecraft Navigation: 
  • The experiment helps ISRO comprehend the intricacies of planning and executing trajectories and manoeuvres for small spacecraft returning from the Moon to Earth.
  • It paves the way for developing software modules to plan and execute gravity-assisted flybys across celestial bodies and ensures the controlled end-of-life for the PM.

Current Orbit Status:

  • As of now, the PM orbits Earth with an orbit period of nearly 13 days and 27 degrees inclination.
  • Varied perigee and apogee altitudes pose no threats to operational Earth-orbiting satellites.

Chandrayaan-3’s unexpected manoeuvre not only showcases India’s space prowess but also provides invaluable insights for future lunar and space exploration endeavours.