• UGI USER
  • Dec 01, 2023
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WORLD AIDS DAY

AIDS

  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an advanced stage of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection. 
  • It compromises the immune system, leaving individuals vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers.
  • AIDS is characterized by a severe decline in immune function, and its diagnosis is based on specific criteria related to HIV-related illnesses and CD4 cell count.
Source: HIVinfo

Global HIV Scenario

  • Globally, 39 million live with HIV; in India, the figure is 4 million.
  • In 2022, 1.3 million new HIV infections occurred worldwide, with 63,000 in India.
  • Key populations, including sex workers and men having sex with men, are at higher risk.

Challenges in Prevention

  • Behavioural change: 
    • Behavioural change interventions have not significantly curbed HIV
  • Vaccine:
    • Lack of vaccines remains a challenge; emphasizing the need for community-focused prevention strategies.
  • Opportunistic infections :
    • HIV compromises the immune system, leading to opportunistic infections and co-morbid conditions.
  • In 2022, 650,000 died globally due to these conditions; in India, AIDS caused 42,000 deaths.
  • Tuberculosis :
    • Tuberculosis remains a significant threat; newer preventive treatments are effective but face challenges in implementation.
  • Cardiovascular Risks and Aging
    • Individuals with HIV face non-communicable diseases; guidelines recommend statins for those aged 40 and above.
    • Addressing non-communicable diseases is crucial for the longevity of persons with HIV.

Steps towards Cure And Prevention:

  • Biomedical Prevention Tools
    • Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medications are effective but require daily adherence.
    • Long-acting injectable PrEP, like Cabotegravir, offers a promising alternative with higher efficacy.
  • Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
    • Effective ART is available, allowing those with HIV to lead a normal life.
    • Early initiation of ART is recommended for maximum benefit.
  • Science-backed tools for HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and support are available.

India’s Role and Challenges

  • India has played a key role in the global fight against AIDS, supplying over 90% of antiretrovirals.
  • Challenges include ensuring HIV prevention, diagnostics, and treatment reach every person in need.

World AIDS Day serves as a reminder of the progress made and challenges that remain in the global fight against HIV/AIDS.