• UGI USER
  • Sep 13, 2024
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Urgent Need for Improved Cholera Prevention Amid Resurgence

Why in the news?

Rising cholera cases driven by climate change and poor sanitation highlight the urgent need for improved water access, hygiene, and vaccine availability to combat the outbreak.

Current Situation: 

  • Cholera, caused by contaminated water and food, leads to severe diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration, posing high risks to vulnerable populations.
  • The number of reported cholera deaths increased by 17% last year, with 22 countries experiencing outbreaks. Cases were notably high in India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Nepal.
  • Climate change, conflict, and inadequate sanitation contribute to rising cholera cases. Floods and droughts exacerbate the spread by contaminating water sources.

Responses and Challenges:

  • WHO’s Global Roadmap aims to end cholera by 2030 through multi-sectoral efforts including better hygiene, sanitation, and vaccine distribution.
  • Cholera vaccines are in short supply, leading to a shift from a two-dose to a single-dose regimen.
  • Urgent investments in clean water, sanitation, and climate adaptation are crucial to prevent future outbreaks and address the current crisis effectively.

Cholera: Key Facts and Information

  • Definition: Acute diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, leading to severe dehydration and death if untreated.
  • Symptoms: Profuse watery diarrhoea, vomiting, leg cramps.
  • Transmission: Spread through contaminated water and food; rapid in areas with poor sewage and water treatment.
  • Vaccines: WHO-prequalified options include Dukoral, Shanchol, and Euvichol-Plus; require two doses for full protection.
  • Global Impact: Annually 3 to 4.0 million cases; 21,000 to 143,000 deaths. Most cases are mild; severe cases need rapid intravenous fluids and antibiotics.
  • Prevention: Safe water, sanitation, hygiene, and oral cholera vaccines are essential for control.
  • Global Strategy: “Ending cholera: a global roadmap to 2030″ aims to reduce deaths by 90%.

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times