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United Nation Security Council

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• President of the United Nations General Assembly Dennis Francis stated that the UN Security Council (UNSC) needs to be reformed because it is out of step with the geopolitical landscape of today.

About the reforms talk:

• Speaking to the media in New Delhi, Mr. Francis stated that the UN is dissatisfied with the UNSC’s ability to combat geopolitical instability and that it has not been able to reach decisions that promote peace and security thus far;
• Francis also praised India for its assistance in gaining the African Union full membership in the G20 and claimed that India’s outreach to the continent showed its leadership in the global sphere;
• From India perspective, S. Jaishankar valued Mr. Francis’s viewpoint regarding the pressing necessity of reforming international organizations, particularly the UNSC. He continued by saying that Mr. Francis’s admirable remarks regarding India’s G20 Presidency and the Voice of the Global South summits were noteworthy and had reinforced multilateralism;
• According to Dr. Jaishankar, that it is critical to move quickly to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and address climate change and he promised Mr. Francis of India that India would support the Summit of the Future Process, which is led by him and seeks to produce ambitious and equitable results.

UNSC Reforms

About the UN:

• After the Second World War, 51 nations came together to form the United Nations, an international organization, and at the moment, 193 Member States comprise it;
• The goals and tenets outlined in the United Nations’ Founding Charter of 1945 serve as the foundation for the organization’s work and mission;
• The United Nations (UN) is composed of six main bodies: the UNGA, UNSC, ECOSOC, Trusteeship Council, ICJ, and UN secretariat;

About the UNSC:

• Members of UNSC:
  • Ten elected members and five permanent members—China, the United States, France, the United Kingdom, and Russia—who each have the ability to veto decisions make up the Security Council;
  • The General Assembly elects the ten non-permanent members, who have two-year terms, based on their regions;
  • These regions include five from Asia and Africa, one from Eastern Europe, two from Latin America, and two from Western Europe;
  • The presidency of the group is alternated monthly among its members. A unanimous vote of P-5, who have the authority to veto (or reject) any resolution, and the affirmative vote of nine members decide the matter.
• UNSC Role:
  • Among the UNSC’s main responsibilities is preserving world peace and security. Conduct inquiries into any conflict or circumstance;
  • suggest ways to resolve them or modify the terms of the agreement; and develop strategies for the creation of an armaments control system.
• UNSC Powers:
  • As the only UN body with the power to impose binding resolutions on member states, it assesses whether there is an act of aggression or a threat to peace and suggests appropriate action;
  • It has the authority to request that Members impose economic sanctions and take other non-lethal measures to halt or prevent aggression;
  • It can impose blockades, approve collective military action, and halt diplomatic and economic ties between nations.

Why there is a demand for UNSC reform?

• Insufficient Representation: The UN Security Council’s effectiveness is hampered by its insufficient representation, with Africa’s 54-country absence being the most notable example. The world’s problems now are intricate and linked. The absence of geopolitical and geoeconomically significant nations’ representation at the highest security summit is excluding a sizable portion of the world’s opinion. Moreover, the absence of globally significant nations like South Africa, Germany, Brazil, India, and South Africa from the UNSC permanent members list is concerning;
• Misuse of Veto Power: Referred to as a “self-chosen club of the privileged” and non-democratic, veto power has been consistently criticized by numerous experts and most States. It prevents the Council from making essential decisions whenever they disagree with any member of the P-5. Furthermore, it is inappropriate for elite decision-making structures to direct the current state of global security;
• Geopolitical Rivalry within P5: The UNSC has been unable to devise efficient mechanisms to address global issues due to the geopolitical rivalry among its permanent members. Using the current global order as an example, the P5 members i.e. China, Russia, and the United States—are three poles on the periphery of the globe that are involved in a number of geopolitical issues, including the Russia-Ukraine War and the Taiwan Issue;
• Endangerment of national sovereignty: The UN Security Council is in charge of maintaining peace and resolving conflicts, which poses a threat to state sovereignty. Unlike the General Assembly, its decisions (called resolutions) are binding on all member nations. This implies that any state’s sovereignty may be infringed upon by means of action, including the imposition of sanctions, when required.

Source: newsonair

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