Soliga Tribe: Indigenous Conservationists Recognized for Tiger Protection

Why in the News?

The Prime Minister of India praised the Soliga tribe in the 119th edition of Mann Ki Baat for their tiger conservation efforts in the Biligiri Rangana Hills (BRT) Tiger Reserve, highlighting their sustainable practices and legal forest rights victory.

Soliga Tribe: Indigenous Conservationists Recognized for Tiger Protection

Recognition for Conservation Efforts:

  • The Soliga tribe, native to Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, was recently praised by the Prime Minister of India in the 119th edition of Mann Ki Baat for their role in tiger conservation.
  • They have contributed significantly to protecting tigers in the Biligiri Rangana Hills (BRT) Tiger Reserve.
  • Their conservation-friendly lifestyle embodies sustainable practices, which modern society is now recognizing and adopting.

Culture, Language, and Forest Rights

  • The Soligas are known as the “children of bamboo” and live in simple bamboo and mud huts.
  • They speak the Sholaga language, along with Kannada and Tamil.
  • Their spiritual beliefs blend Hindu customs with naturism and animism, showing deep respect for nature.
  • In 2011, they became the first tribal group in India to gain legal forest rights within a tiger reserve, setting a legal precedent for indigenous rights.

Sustainable Livelihood and Practices

  • The Soliga economy revolves around shifting cultivation and collecting minor forest produce.
  • Honey is a staple in their diet, and they create eco-friendly items like the ‘jottai’ (leaf-made cup).
  • Their lifestyle showcases how conservation and development can coexist harmoniously, serving as a model for sustainable living.

About Soliga Tribe:

  • Indigenous forest-dwelling tribe found in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
  • The name “Soliga” means “children of bamboo”, reflecting their deep connection with nature.
  • Reside in forest areas near Biligiri Rangana Hills and Male Mahadeshwara Hills.
  • First tribal community to have their forest rights recognized within a tiger reserve (2011 court judgment).
  • Speak Sholaga (Dravidian language), Kannada, and Tamil.
  • Live in bamboo and mud huts, practicing sustainable living.
  • Follow Hindu customs, naturism, and animism; their primary deity is Madeshwara.
  • Depend on shifting cultivation and forest produce, with honey as a key dietary component.
  • Create eco-friendly products like ‘jottai’, a cup made from leaves.
  • Consume Silver cockscomb, a nutrient-rich leafy green.