SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Why in the news?

The Indian government is partnering with the private sector to study and test small modular reactors (SMRs), aiming to enhance the country’s nuclear energy capabilities.
Nuclear energy is considered a crucial component in the global energy mix, particularly as renewable technologies develop and fossil fuels remain affordable and prevalent.

source:slideshare

Challenges of SMRs

SMRs (10 MWe to 300 MWe) aim for safety and commercial viability through modular designs and lower capital costs.
They face external costs, including regulatory safeguards and frequent refueling, increasing proliferation resistance concerns.

Commercial Viability

SMRs’ success in India depends on achieving commercial viability in stable market conditions and grid stability.
SMR tariffs may not be lower due to fixed costs and safety expectations, leading to increased reactor capacities from 220 MW to 700 MW for economic feasibility.

What are Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)?

About SMRs

Capacity: Advanced nuclear reactors with up to 300 MW(e) per unit, about one-third of traditional reactors’ capacity.
Low-Carbon Electricity: Capable of producing significant amounts of low-carbon electricity.

Characteristics

Small: Physically much smaller than conventional nuclear reactors.
Modular: Systems and components can be factory-assembled and transported to installation sites.
Reactors: Use nuclear fission to generate heat and produce energy.

Safety and Longevity

Enhanced Safety: Designed with features to minimize the risk of uncontrolled radioactive release.
Operational Lifespan: Designed to operate for 40-60 years with capacity factors over 90%.

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