Sharavathi Pumped Storage Project: Power Boost or Ecological Threat?

Why in the News?

The Sharavathi Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Project (PSHP) in Karnataka, set to be India’s largest pumped storage unit (2,000 MW), has raised concerns over its environmental impact on the Western Ghats, with fears of deforestation, habitat loss, and hydrological disruptions.

Sharavathi Pumped Storage Project: Power Boost or Ecological Threat?

About Sharavathi Pumped Storage Project:

  • The Sharavathi Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Project (PSHP) in Karnataka is a 2,000 MW power project, set to become India’s largest pumped storage unit.
  • It will be constructed between two existing reservoirs:
    • Talakalale Dam (upper reservoir)
    • Gerusoppa Dam (lower reservoir)
  • The project will function by pumping water uphill during off-peak hours using grid power and releasing it downhill during peak demand to generate electricity.
  • Additionally, it aims to supply drinking water to Bengaluru.

Environmental Concerns:

  • The project is located in the fragile ecosystem of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its rich biodiversity.
  • Key environmental risks include:
    • Deforestation and loss of flora and fauna.
    • Habitat destruction impacting wildlife.
    • Hydrological disruptions affecting the Sharavathi River basin.
  • The river originates in the Western Ghats and flows westward into the Arabian Sea, forming Jog Falls, one of India’s highest waterfalls.
  • The basin covers 2,985 sq km, with major tributaries like Haridravathi and Mavinahole.

Key Facts about Sharavathi River:

  • Location: Flows through western Karnataka, with a major portion of its basin in the Western Ghats.
  • Unique Flow Direction: One of the few west-flowing rivers in India.
  • Course:
  • Originates in the Western Ghats and flows northwest into the Arabian Sea at Honavar, Uttara Kannada.
  • Length: 128 km | Basin Area: 2,985 sq km.
  • Forms Jog Falls (253 m), one of India’s highest waterfalls.
  • Geology: Features rocky outcrops, fertile plains, and deep gorges.
  • Major Tributaries: Nandihole, Haridravathi, Mavinahole, Hilkunji, Yennehole, Hurlihole, Nagodihole.