Sarhul Festival: Celebrating Nature, Culture, and Adivasi Identity

Why in the News ?

The Sarhul Festival is being celebrated across Jharkhand and Chhotanagpur, marking the arrival of spring and the new year. The festival has gained political significance as Adivasi groups demand a separate Sarna religion column in India’s caste census.

Sarhul Festival: Celebrating Nature, Culture, and Adivasi Identity

Significance of the Sarhul Festival:

  • Sarhul, meaning “worship of the Sal tree,” is a major festival celebrated by Adivasi communities in Jharkhand and the Chhotanagpur region.
  • The festival symbolizes the union of the Sun and Earth and marks the arrival of spring and the new year.
  • Sal trees (Shorea robusta) are revered as the abode of Sarna Maa, the village deity who protects against natural calamities.
  • The pahan (village priest) represents the Sun, while his wife, the pohen, symbolizes the Earth. This union signifies the cycle of life and fertility.

Rituals and Celebrations

  • Sarhul is a three-day festival held at Sarna Sthals (sacred groves) near villages.
  • On the first day, homes and Sarna Sthals are decorated with red and white flags, and the pahan collects water for rituals after a strict fast.
  • On the second day, the deity is offered Sal flowers, and a rooster is sacrificed to seek prosperity, safety, and a good harvest.
  • Villagers perform traditional dances and songs, including Jadur, Gena, and Por Jadur.
  • On the final day, a community feast is held, featuring handia (rice beer) and traditional delicacies.

Evolution and Political Significance

  • Traditionally, Sarhul centered on hunting and agriculture, reflecting the Adivasis’ connection to nature.
  • Over the last 60 years, Sarhul processions, particularly from Hatma to Siram Toli in Ranchi, have become a symbol of Adivasi identity and a platform for political assertion.
  • Adivasi groups have demanded a separate Sarna religion column in India’s caste census, highlighting their distinct identity.
  • However, some RSS-affiliated groups argue that Adivasis are part of Hinduism, while Adivasi leaders emphasize their unique traditions.