RNA-based Spray Shields Crops Against Viral Threats

RNA-based Spray Shields Crops Against Viral Threats

Why in the News ?

Scientists at Martin Luther University, Germany, have developed an RNA-based antiviral that offers strong protection against the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a major agricultural threat. This breakthrough could significantly reduce crop losses and enhance food security globally.

Challenge of Plant Viruses:

• Plant viruses like CMV cause major agricultural losses globally, destroying 40% of crops annually.
• CMV alone infects over 1,200 plant species and leads to 25–30% yield loss in Indian bananas and up to 70% in cucurbits.
• Traditional pesticides are ineffective against viruses, necessitating new methods like RNA-based technology.

Innovative RNA-based Approach

• Researchers used RNA silencing, a natural plant defence, and enhanced it with engineered dsRNA enriched with effective siRNA.
• Instead of random dsRNA, selected siRNAs were used to create “effective dsRNA” targeting viral genetic material precisely.
• In lab tests, treated plants showed up to 80% lower viral loads and in some cases, complete protection.

Future Prospects and Challenges

• Plans are underway to develop spray-based solutions and conduct field trials.
• The method is also promising against other viruses like tomato yellow leaf curl virus and potato virus Y.
• Major hurdles include RNA stability outdoors, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory approvals, requiring further innovation.