Modern Techniques for Tranquilizing and Capturing Tigers

Why in the news?

The article highlights the successful sedation and capture of a runaway tigress in West Bengal, demonstrating advancements in tranquilization techniques, emphasizing humane methods and the complex challenges involved in wildlife conservation.

Modern Techniques for Tranquilizing and Capturing Tigers

Evolution of Capture Techniques:

  • Historical Methods: Early 20th century methods involved traps, pitfalls, and violent practices like killing mothers to capture young animals.
  • Narcotic Bullets: Introduced in 1912 to minimize pain, followed by “mercy bullets” in 1928, using curare for immobilization.
  • Tranquilizer Gun: Invented in 1956 by Colin Murdoch, the dart gun uses CO2 to propel syringes filled with sedatives, ensuring precise and humane immobilization.

Modern Drugs and Techniques

  • Sedative Advances: In the 1960s, Dr. Antonie Harthoorn developed M99, an opioid for large mammals, replacing risky paralytic drugs.
  • Drug Combinations: Alpha-adrenergic tranquilizers like xylazine, combined with anesthetics like ketamine, ensure effective sedation.
  • Substitute Drugs: Telazol, a premixed drug, is increasingly used due to restrictions on xylazine and ketamine.

Challenges in Field Operations

  • Tracking and Targeting: Requires proximity (within 50 feet for tigers) and a clear line of sight to ensure dart accuracy.
  • Dosage Accuracy: Estimating an animal’s weight for correct dosing is critical to avoid harm or failure.
  • Post-Sedation Care: Covers eyes to reduce stimuli, regulates body temperature, and administers antidotes to ensure safe recovery.

These refined techniques reflect evolving practices prioritizing animal welfare and precision in wildlife management.

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times