Kerala Man Diagnosed with Murine Typhus After Travel

Why in the news?

A 75-year-old man in Kerala has been diagnosed with murine typhus after visiting Vietnam and Cambodia. The disease, transmitted by fleas, raises concerns about its spread in regions where rats are prevalent.

Kerala Man Diagnosed with Murine Typhus After Travel

About Murine Typhus:

  • Cause: Infectious disease caused by the flea-borne bacteria Rickettsia typhi.
  • Transmission:
    • Spread through bites from infected fleas.
    • Known as endemic typhus, flea-borne typhus, or flea-borne spotted fever.
    • Reservoirs include rodents like rats, mice, and mongooses, which harbour the disease-carrying fleas.
    • Fleas can also infest pets (cats and dogs) and can transmit the disease throughout their lifespan.
    • Infection may occur via mucous membranes from contact with flea faeces, particularly through cuts or scrapes.
    • Not transmitted between humans or from humans to fleas.
    • Common in coastal tropical and subtropical areas, especially where rats are abundant.
    • Reports have emerged from India, particularly in the Northeast, Madhya Pradesh, and Kashmir.

Symptoms and Treatment:

  • Symptoms: Typically manifest 7-14 days post-exposure, including fever, headaches, body and joint aches, nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain.
  • Skin rashes may develop days later.
  • Treatment: No vaccine is available; doxycycline is an effective antibiotic.
  • Early diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment.

What are Antibiotics?

  • Definition: Antibiotics are medicines designed to combat bacterial infections in humans and animals.
  • Mechanism of Action: They work by either killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction.
  • Types: Common types include penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin.
  • Use Cases: Antibiotics are effective against various infections, such as pneumonia, strep throat, and urinary tract infections.
  • Limitations: They are ineffective against viral infections, such as the common cold or influenza.
  • Importance: Proper use is crucial to prevent antibiotic resistance.

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times