Indian Scientist Helps Build Brain-Controlled Robotic Arm

Indian Scientist Helps Build Brain-Controlled Robotic Arm

Why in News ?

Indian-origin neuroscientist Nikhilesh Natraj co-led a team at UCSF that developed a brain-computer interface (BCI) enabling a paralysed man to control a robotic arm using only thoughts, marking a breakthrough in assistive neurotechnology and AI integration.

Indian Scientist Helps Build Brain-Controlled Robotic Arm

Breakthrough in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI):

  • The BCI system allows a paralysed stroke patient to control a robotic arm using mental imagery.
  • Developed at the Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, led by Nikhilesh Natraj, originally from Chennai.
  • The patient used the robotic arm for 7 months with minimal recalibration.
  • The study was published in the peer-reviewed journal Cell.
  • The BCI uses implanted sensors to read signals from the brain’s movement regions without sending any electrical pulses back.

How the System Works

  • The participant imagined moving fingers or hands, and brain activity was recorded through implanted sensors.
  • A machine learning algorithm detected daily shifts in neural patterns, enhancing stability.
  • The data was analysed in a high-dimensional space, tracking pattern shifts across sessions.
  • These signals were decoded to operate a virtual robot arm and later a real robotic arm.
  • Tasks included opening a cabinet, retrieving a cup, and using a water dispenser — simple yet life-enhancing actions.

Future Potential and Challenges

  • The system shows promise for real-world use by paralysis patients.
  • Natraj emphasized the need for further work to make it adaptable to complex environments like crowded public spaces.
  • The goal is to refine the tech for wider deployment, enabling independence and dignity for those living with severe mobility impairments.
  • The research combines neuroscience, AI, and assistive robotics, reflecting India’s growing contribution to global innovation.

About Brain-Computer Interface (BCI):

Meaning

●A computer-based system that captures and interprets brain signals from the Central Nervous System (CNS).
●Converts brain activity into commands for external devices.
●Not a mind-reading, voice, or muscle-activated tool.

Components

● Signal Acquisition – Measures and digitizes brain signals.
●Feature Extraction – Identifies relevant neural patterns (user intent).
●Feature Translation Algorithm – Converts signals into usable commands.
●Device Output – Executes actions (e.g., robotic arms, cursor control).

Applications

● Medical – Stroke rehab, diagnosis, and prevention.
● Communication – Enables disabled persons to interact.
●Security – Uses brainwave authentication over passwords.
●Education – Tracks cognitive engagement for tailored learning.