Human Metapneumovirus: Symptoms, Spread, and Government Response

Why in the news?

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been detected in India, causing respiratory infections. The government is monitoring cases, while health experts assure that it is not a new virus, emphasizing preventive measures and vigilance in light of global reports.

Human Metapneumovirus: Symptoms, Spread, and Government Response

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Overview and Symptoms

  • What is HMPV?: HMPV is a respiratory virus that causes mild infections, similar to a common cold. It was first identified in 2001 and is part of the Pneumoviridae family, which also includes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and measles.
  • Symptoms: Common symptoms of HMPV include a cough, runny or blocked nose, sore throat, fever, and wheezing. These symptoms generally appear 3 to 6 days after infection and usually resolve within a few days with supportive care.
  • At-Risk Groups: Children, elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to complications, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

Transmission and Prevention of HMPV

  • How It Spreads: HMPV is spread through contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces, such as doorknobs, phones, or keyboards. The virus can be transmitted via sneezing, coughing, or close physical contact (e.g., shaking hands).
  • Prevention: There is no vaccine for HMPV. Prevention involves frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, avoiding touching the face, and wearing a mask if symptomatic. People with lung conditions like asthma should take extra precautions.

Government Response and Public Awareness

  • Current Situation: The National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) is closely monitoring respiratory infections in India, especially after reports from China. So far, cases of HMPV have been detected in Karnataka, Gujarat, and Chennai.
  • Government Statement: Union Health Minister J.P. Nadda clarified that HMPV is not a new virus, and the health systems in India are vigilant. There is no need for concern as HMPV has been circulating globally for years.

What is Pneumonia?

  • Pneumonia is an infection that affects the lungs.
  • It causes inflammation in the air sacs (alveoli) of one or both lungs.
  • The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus.
  • Symptoms include cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
  • Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
  • It can range from mild to severe, requiring medical treatment.

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times