Genetic Study Redefines Nicobarese Migration Timeline

Why in the news?

A new study reveals that the Nicobarese ancestors migrated to the Nicobar Islands about 5,000 years ago, correcting the earlier belief of migration over 11,000 years ago, based on advanced genetic analysis techniques.

Genetic Study Redefines Nicobarese Migration Timeline

Key Findings of the Study:

  • Scientists initially believed the Austroasiatic ancestors of the Nicobarese arrived over 11,000 years ago.
  • Recent DNA mutation studies revealed that they migrated approximately 5,000 years ago.
  • The study, published in the European Journal of Human Genetics, was led by Kumarasamy Thangaraj (CSIR-CCMB) and Gyaneshwer Chaubey (BHU).
  • Researchers found ancestral ties between the Nicobarese and the Htin Mal community from the Laos-Thailand region.

Genetic Analysis and Methodology:

  • The study analyzed genetic markers from 1,559 individuals across South and Southeast Asia.
  • Researchers used biparental and uniparental genetic markers instead of just mitochondrial DNA.
  • Advanced techniques like admixture analysis and principal component analysis provided detailed genetic insights.
  • Results confirmed genetic links with Southeast Asian populations and highlighted preserved Austroasiatic language roots.

Significance and Future Research:

  • The Nicobarese have retained their genetic identity due to geographical isolation without significant admixture.
  • Their genetic adaptations and isolation from pathogens were highlighted as key survival factors.
  • Despite genetic similarities with Southeast Asian groups, their lifestyle remains unique.
  • Future research will explore how environmental factors have shaped their survival strategies and immune responses.

Tribes in Andaman & Nicobar Islands:

  • Jarawas: Communication channels established to build trust, aiding in addressing poaching and encroachment.
  • Sentinelese: ‘Eyes-on, hands-off’ policy to ensure their isolation and protection.

Htin Mal Community:

  • Resides in mainland Southeast Asia with genetic ties to the Nicobarese.
  • Speak Austroasiatic Khmuic language, showing distinct ethnic identity.

Nicobarese Tribe:

  • Inhabit the Nicobar Islands, migrating around 5,000 years ago.
  • Preserved unique genetic lineage and culture due to isolation.
  • Lifestyle includes forest-based sustainable living with animal rearing.

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times