• UGI USER
  • Mar 09, 2024
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CHANGE IN THE VALLEY

Syllabus:

GS 2 : 

  • Indian Constitution—

Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions .

  • Issues and Challenges Pertaining to the Federal Structure.

Why in the News?

  • Prime Minister’s recent visit to Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) marked a significant milestone, being his first since the abrogation of Article 370.
  • This visit provided an opportunity to assess the region’s situation beyond the lens of terrorism-related incidents, enabling a more balanced examination.

Focus:

  • Various dimensions – political, military, social, economic, psychological, and diplomatic – warrant examination to understand the nuanced landscape of J&K.

Psychological Domain:

  • Psychological aspects hold paramount importance due to the prolonged external turmoil sponsored by Pakistan.
Source: Bt
  • Since 1989, Pakistan has orchestrated a “proxy war” aiming to annex J&K, leading to internal turmoil and external meddling.
  • The aftermath of the abrogation of Article 370 witnessed a notable shift in mindset from ‘Kashmir banega Pakistan’ to ‘PoJK banega Hindustan’, reflecting a changing narrative.
  • Despite this progress, remnants of a dual mindset persist, underscoring the need for sustained efforts towards normalization.
Understanding Article 370

Special Status to Jammu and Kashmir:

·   Article 370 granted special status to the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir in the Indian constitution.

·   The region was contested by India, Pakistan, and China.

Drafting and Inclusion:

·   Drafted by N Gopalaswami Ayyangar, a member of the Constituent Assembly of India.

·   Added to the constitution as a ‘temporary provision’ in 1949.

Autonomy and Provisions:

·   Provided Jammu and Kashmir with its own constitution, flag, and autonomy over most matters.

·   Exceptions included defence, foreign affairs, and communications, which remained under the jurisdiction of the Indian government.

Basis:

·   Based on the terms of the Instrument of Accession signed by the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, Hari Singh, in 1947.

·   The accession occurred after an invasion by Pakistan, leading to Jammu and Kashmir joining India.

Evolution of Strategy:

  • The strategic approach towards winning hearts and minds (WHAM) has evolved significantly since 1997.
  • Previously, WHAM lacked a structured approach, with only military involvement; however, over time, a holistic approach involving various government departments has emerged.
  • Prime Minister Modi’s emphasis on socio-economic development has instilled hope and countered Pakistan’s narrative, especially amidst economic turmoil.
  • Direct rule from Delhi, facilitated by a committed Lieutenant Governor, has strengthened grassroots connections, enhancing governance and outreach.

Youth and Women Empowerment:

  • Youth and women empowerment have emerged as vital components of the strategy, effectively addressed through social media engagement and outreach programs.
  • Leveraging the Army’s experience, an integrated approach has been adopted, reducing direct involvement while enhancing effectiveness.
  • Articulate youth leaders have emerged as patriotic voices, effectively managing aspirations and contributing to the region’s development.

Symbolism and Vision:

  • Symbolic references made by the Prime Minister during his visit, including mentions of Mahashivratri, Ramzan, and Kashmir’s lotus emblem, signify integration and inclusivity.
  • Emphasis on Kashmir’s participation in the G20 process and the tourism sector underscores India’s vision for international engagement and economic growth.
  • Acknowledgment of ongoing challenges amidst progress underscores the importance of a nuanced approach towards addressing complex issues.

Changes After Abrogation of Article 370:

Scheduled Tribe Representation:

  • Political reservation granted to the Scheduled Tribe community in Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Scheduled Tribe representatives elected in DDC and BDC elections.

3-tier system of democracy

  • Establishment of a 3-tier system of grassroot democracy through Panchayati Raj Institutions and Development Councils.

Election Conduct:

  • Elections for Panches, Sarpanches, Block Development Councils, and District Development Councils ensure democratic representation.

Dalit Rights and Domicile:

  • Thousands of dalits granted their rights and domicile status.
  • More than 60,000 West Pak refugees also received rights and domicile.

Recognition of Backward Classes:

  • Commission formed to identify socially and economically backward classes.
  • Communities like Pahari Padri and Gaddi Brahmin recommended for Scheduled Tribe status.

OBC Recognition:

  • OBC community identified for the first time, ensuring constitutional rights.
  • Deprived OBC regions in Jammu and Kashmir granted their rights.

Domicile for PoJK Displaced:

  • PoJK Displaced community, previously denied domicile status for 70 years, now recognized.
  • Over 25,000 domiciles issued to this community.

Women’s Rights:

  • Women, regardless of religion, granted freedom and rights even if married outside the state.

Democratic Representation:

  • Democracy was established at every level with DDC, BDC, and Gram Sabha elections.

Constitutional Implementation:

  • All provisions of the Constitution, including 890 related to public welfare, implemented.
  • Acts like the Indian Penal Code, Persons with Disabilities Act, and National Commission for Safai Karamcharis Act now enforced in Jammu and Kashmir.

Continuing Concerns:

  • Despite significant strides, challenges persist, particularly in dealing with Pakistan’s commitment to foment separatism and sponsored terrorism.
  • Ideological extremism continues to pose threats, both locally and in a global context, necessitating vigilance and proactive measures.
  • Caution should be exercised in engaging with Pakistan, avoiding premature talks that may inadvertently elevate its significance on the international stage.

Conclusion:

The Prime Minister’s recent visit to J&K signifies a decisive departure from the past, emphasizing a forward-looking approach focused on integration, development, and stability. Despite achievements, the journey ahead requires concerted efforts towards preserving military structures and concepts while prioritizing holistic development and security. J&K’s rightful place in India’s narrative is contingent upon sustained progress in addressing socio-economic disparities, fostering grassroots connections, and ensuring peace and stability in the region.

Source: Indian Express

Mains Practice Question:

Discuss the significant changes witnessed in Jammu and Kashmir post the abrogation of Article 370. Evaluate the impact of these changes on the region’s socio-economic, political, and psychological landscape.