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Introduction The original Indian Constitution did not contain provisions related to tribunals. The establishment of tribunals was introduced through the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, which added a new part, Part XIV-A, to the Constitution, specifically titled “Tribunals.” This part includes only two articles: Article 323A: This article deals with the establishment of administrative tribunals. …
Read MoreIntroduction In India, the high courts are an essential part of the judicial system, situated below the Supreme Court but above the subordinate courts. Each state has its own high court, and there are a few common high courts serving multiple states or union territories. The Parliament can adjust their jurisdictions. In 2019, there were …
Read MoreMeaning Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal tool used to uphold human rights, equality, and address issues of broad public concern. It extends the right to file lawsuits to those who might not have the means or standing to do so themselves. PIL aims to protect the fundamental rights of those who can’t access …
Read MoreBackground Judicial activism, as seen in India, does not have direct constitutional origins but was developed by the Indian judiciary. It is somewhat comparable to a similar concept in the United States. In India, the judiciary introduced the idea of judicial activism through various means, such as the repeal of the Locus Standi concept, the …
Read MoreHistorical Background The doctrine of judicial review, originated by the American Supreme Court, allows a court to declare laws or orders unconstitutional. In the United States, it is based on the Constitution. In India, judicial review was affirmed as a fundamental constitutional feature in the 1975 Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain case. It enables courts …
Read MoreHistorical Background The Supreme Court in Calcutta was established as a Court of Record with full jurisdiction under the Regulating Act of 1773. It had authority over criminal charges and cases in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. King George III later created the Supreme Courts of Madras and Bombay in 1800 and 1823, respectively. The India …
Read MoreBackground The Indian Parliamentary Group (IPG) is a non-partisan forum of Indian members of parliament (MPs) who are interested in promoting closer ties between India and the United Kingdom (UK). It was founded in 1947, shortly after India’s independence. The IPG is open to all MPs, regardless of their party or group affiliation. It meets …
Read MoreIntroduction Parliamentary forums are specialized groups or associations within a parliamentary system that bring together members of parliament (MPs) or legislators to address specific issues, concerns, or areas of interest. These forums provide a platform for lawmakers to engage in in-depth discussions, research, and advocacy related to their particular focus areas. Parliamentary forums are typically …
Read MoreWhy in the news? Public participation in documenting frog species during monsoon. Organized by Kerala Forest Research Institute’s Centre for Citizen Science. source:slideshare About Monsoon Croaks Bioblitz 2024: Organized by the Centre for Citizen Science and Biodiversity Informatics, Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI). Aims :to document frog species in Kerala during the monsoon season, lasting …
Read MoreWhy in the news? Major Radhika Sen, an Indian peacekeeper, received the U.N. Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award for 2023 for her work in Congo. The award was presented by U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres, recognizing her contributions to supporting conflict-affected communities. About United Nations Peacekeeping Forces: The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces aim to …
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