Andhra Pradesh Implements Sub-Quota for Scheduled Castes

Why in the News ?

The Andhra Pradesh government has officially notified the sub-categorisation of Scheduled Castes for more balanced reservation benefits, following Supreme Court approval. This move introduces separate quotas within SCs based on social and economic backwardness.

Andhra Pradesh Implements Sub-Quota for Scheduled Castes

Background and Legal Approval:

  • On April 16, 2025, the Andhra Pradesh government issued an ordinance for SC sub-categorisation.
  • This follows the Supreme Court’s 2023 verdict allowing sub-division of SC and ST categories for targeted benefits.
  • A one-member commission led by Rajeev Ranjan Mishra studied the socio-economic status of SC sub-castes and submitted a report on March 10, 2025.
  • The Telangana government became the first to implement sub-quota for SCs earlier this month.

Sub-Quota Structure and Classification

  • The Mishra Commission classified SCs into three categories:
    • Group 1 (Most Backward): Includes 12 sub-castes like Relli, Chandala, Mehtar; allocated 1% reservation.
    • Group 2 (Backward): Includes 18 sub-castes of the Madiga community; allocated 5% reservation.
    • Group 3 (Less Backward): Covers 29 sub-castes of the Mala community; gets 5% reservation.
  • The aim is to distribute reservation benefits proportionately based on backwardness, not mere population.

Rationale and Impact

  • The move addresses long-standing demands from groups like the Madiga Reservation Porata Samithi (MRPS).
  • Advocates believe sub-quotas will ensure fair access to education, government jobs, and political representation.
  • The state asserts the ordinance promotes inclusive development of all SC sub-castes, avoiding concentration of benefits in a few dominant groups.

Constitutional and Legal Aspects of SC Sub-Categorisation :

●      Article 14: Allows reasonable classification for equality; sub-classification valid if based on clear criteria and logical purpose.

●      Article 15(4) & 15(5): Permit special provisions for SCs, STs, and backward classes in education and admissions.

●      Article 16(4): Allows reservation in public employment for under-represented backward classes.

●      Article 341(1): Empowers the President to specify SCs, after consulting the state Governor.

●      Article 341(2): Parliament holds power to amend the SC list through legislation.