James Webb Telescope Detects Possible Life Signals

Why in the News ?

Scientists using the James Webb Space Telescope have detected potential biosignatures, gases linked to biological life, in the atmosphere of exoplanet K2-18 b — marking the strongest hint yet of possible life beyond Earth.

James Webb Telescope Detects Possible Life Signals

About Discovery of Potential Biosignatures:

  • Scientists observed the exoplanet K2-18 b using the James Webb Space Telescope.
  • Two gases — dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) — were detected in its atmosphere.
  • On Earth, both gases are typically produced by marine microbial life, especially phytoplankton.
  • Researchers believe this raises the possibility of microbial life existing on K2-18 b.

Cautious Optimism from Scientists

  • Scientists stress these gases are only a “possible biosignature,” not concrete proof of life.
  • Further observations are required before confirming any biological presence.
  • Lead researcher Nikku Madhusudhan described the findings as a transformative moment for the search for life beyond Earth.
  • The discovery shows current space telescopes can detect signs of life on distant planets.

Planet K2-18 b and Its Unique Features :

  • K2-18 b is located in the habitable zone of its star, 8.6 times Earth’s mass and 2.6 times its diameter.
  • Earlier observations also found methane and carbon dioxide, suggesting it may be a “hycean world” — a water-rich planet possibly harboring life.
  • Scientists believe if life exists there, it’s likely microbial and ocean-based, similar to Earth’s simplest organisms.

About K2-18b Exoplanet:

●      Discovered in 2015 during NASA’s K2 mission.

●      Located over 120 light-years away from Earth.

●      8.6 times more massive than Earth.

●      Likely a “Hycean” world — with a hydrogen-rich atmosphere and ocean-covered surface.

●      Recent Webb Telescope observations detected methane and carbon dioxide in its atmosphere.

About James Webb Space Telescope:

●      Joint project by NASA, ESA, and the Canadian Space Agency.

●      Launched in December 2021.

●      Positioned at Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange Point, 1.5 million km from Earth.

●      Largest and most powerful infrared space telescope.

●      Studies cosmic history: from Big Bang to planetary formation.

What is an Exoplanet?

●      An exoplanet is a planet located outside our solar system.

●      Most exoplanets orbit stars beyond the Sun.

●      Some, known as rogue planets, drift freely without orbiting a star.

●      Scientists study exoplanets to understand planet formation and the potential for life.

●      Thousands have been discovered, expanding knowledge of the universe.

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