Panama Canal’s Strategic Importance and Control History

Why in the news?

The Panama Canal continues to be vital for global trade, with recent discussions about its geopolitical significance and U.S. interest in regaining control.

Panama Canal’s Strategic Importance and Control History

Overview of the Panama Canal:

  • A 40-mile-long man-made waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
  • Completed in August 1914 by the United States.
  • One of the world’s most strategic artificial waterways, alongside the Suez Canal.

Control and Administration:

  • Initially controlled entirely by the U.S.
  • Administration transitioned to a joint S.-Panama agency (Panama Canal Commission) in 1979.
  • Full control handed over to Panama on December 31, 1999.

Key Facts about the Panama Canal:

  • Location: Panama (Central America)
  • Connects: Atlantic Ocean (via the Caribbean Sea) and Pacific Ocean
  • Length: 82 km (51 miles)
  • Depth: 12.5 meters (41 feet)
  • Width: 300 meters (984 feet)
  • Built By: Initially by the French; completed by the U.S.
  • Year Built: Completed in 1914
  • Purpose: To reduce maritime travel time and connect trade routes
  • Time to Cross: 8-10 hours for ships
  • Importance: Critical for global trade, linking major oceans and continents

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times