India’s Reliance on China for Critical Minerals

Why in the news?

India identifies dependency on China for six critical minerals, including lithium and silicon, and outlines strategies to reduce reliance through domestic initiatives, strategic partnerships, and advanced technologies.

India’s Reliance on China for Critical Minerals

About China’s Dominance in the Critical Minerals Sector:

  • China dominates the critical minerals sector due to its vast reserves and investments in exploration and refining.
  • With 173 discovered minerals, including lithium, gallium, and graphite, China leads globally in mining and refining.
  • In 2022, China processed 87% of rare earth elements, 58% of lithium, and 68% of silicon, showcasing its refining capabilities.
  • Strategic export controls by China target minerals vital for Western industries, balancing economic and political factors.

About Pillars of India’s Mineral Diplomacy:

  • Joint Ventures:
  • KABIL’s partnerships with Australia, Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile to secure critical minerals.
  • India-Kazakhstan venture for titanium slag production.
  • Cooperative Engagements:
  • Proposals like the India-Central Asia Rare Earths Forum.
  • Collaboration with Quad, IPEF, MSP, and G-7 for mineral supply chain security.

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times