Nanoplastics Escalate Antibiotic Resistance, Threatens Global Health

Why in the news?

A study reveals nanoplastics from single-use plastic bottles can facilitate antibiotic resistance through gene transfer mechanisms, emphasizing the urgent need to combat plastic pollution and its health impacts.

Nanoplastics Escalate Antibiotic Resistance, Threatens Global Health

Impact of Nanoplastics on Antibiotic Resistance:

  • A study reveals nanoplastics from single-use plastic bottles (SUPBs) contribute to antibiotic resistance (AR).
  • AR occurs when bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, complicating infection treatments.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate bottle-derived nanoplastics (PBNPs) affect the gut microbiome, turning beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus acidophilus into carriers of AR genes.

Mechanisms of Resistance Gene Transfer

  • Two primary pathways for AR gene spread were identified:
    • Direct Transformation Pathway: PBNPs transport AR plasmids between bacteria.
    • OMV-Induced Pathway: Oxidative stress caused by PBNPs increases outer membrane vesicle secretion, aiding gene transfer.
  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) enables AR genes to spread to harmful bacteria, worsening the AR crisis.

Nanoplastics and Environmental Concerns:

  • Nanoplastics are tiny synthetic particles (1–1000 nm) classified as primary (intentionally produced) or secondary (from plastic degradation).
  • The study underscores the urgent need to address plastic pollution and its link to AR.
  • Highlights the importance of adopting sustainable alternatives to single-use plastics to mitigate environmental and health risks.

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times