India’s Sustainable Path to Net-Zero by 2070

Why in the news?

India’s ambitious net-zero goal by 2070 faces challenges like surging energy demand, land-use constraints, and resource limitations, requiring innovative strategies amid global climate action discussions at COP-29.

India's Sustainable Path to Net-Zero by 2070

Net-Zero Commitments and Challenges:

  • India has pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070 to combat climate change.
  • However, this path involves challenges such as limited financial resources, land, and water availability.
  • Global temperature rise is currently 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels, and limiting it to 1.5°C is essential to prevent catastrophic impacts.
  • India’s per-capita emissions are among the lowest globally, but the wealthiest 10% contribute disproportionately.
  • Climate impacts are harsher on economically weaker sections.

National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC):

  • Raises awareness about climate change among stakeholders, including public, government, industry, and communities.
  • Includes eight national missions:
    • Solar Mission
    • Enhanced Energy Efficiency
    • Sustainable Habitat
    • Water Mission
    • Himalayan Ecosystem
    • Green India
    • Sustainable Agriculture
    • Strategic Knowledge

COP26 Commitments (“Panchamitra”)

  • 500 GW non-fossil energy capacity by 2030.
  • 50% energy from renewables by 2030.
  • Cut carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes by 2030.
  • Reduce carbon intensity by 45% (2005 baseline).
  • Net-zero emissions by 2070.

Steps by India to Achieve Net-Zero Emissions

  • Renewable Energy: Targeting 500 GW renewable energy capacity and 50% non-fossil energy by 2030.
  • NDC Goals: Reduce GDP emissions intensity by 45%, create 2.5-3 billion tonnes COâ‚‚ sinks, and promote climate-resilient development.
  • Initiatives: Solar energy expansion, Hydrogen Energy Mission, ICAP for cooling efficiency, and CAMPA funds for afforestation.

Sources Referred:

PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times