Satellite Spectrum Allocation: Administrative vs. Auction Approach
Why in the news?
The Indian government opts for administrative allocation of satellite spectrum, favouring established players like Starlink over auctions, emphasising the unique nature of satellite communication in global coordination.
Highlights of the Satellite Spectrum Allocation:
- Definition: Satellite spectrum refers to the airwaves used for satellite communication (satcom), characterised by no national territorial limits.
- Allocation Method: India’s Union Communications Minister clarified that satellite spectrum will be allocated administratively rather than through auctions, favouring established players like Elon Musk’s Starlink over Reliance Jio.
- Regulatory Framework: Spectrum for satcom is governed by the Telecommunications Act, 2023, allowing administrative assignments for specific entries, while terrestrial spectrum is typically auctioned.
Benefits of Satellite Communication:
- Connectivity: Satcom provides extensive coverage, particularly beneficial for remote areas and disaster-prone regions.
- Resilience: Satellite networks are less susceptible to damage from extreme weather compared to terrestrial systems, ensuring consistent connectivity.
- Market Potential: India’s satcom sector, valued at $2.3 billion, is projected to reach $20 billion by 2028, highlighting significant investment opportunities in untapped broadband markets.
About Airwaves and Spectrum:
- Definition: Airwaves, or spectrum, are electromagnetic frequencies (radio waves) used for communication.
- Range: Varies from 1 Hz to 3000 GHz (3 THz).
- Units: Measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), and gigahertz (GHz).
Satellite Spectrum:
- Usage: Range used for satellite communications, broadcasting, navigation, and weather services.
- Regulation: Overseen globally by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU).
Frequency Bands
- L-band: 1-2 GHz; reliable through obstacles.
- S-band: 2-4 GHz; used for broadcasting and navigation.
- C-band: 4-8 GHz; common for satellite TV.
- X-band: 8-12 GHz; used for military communications.
- Ku and Ka-band: 12-18 GHz and 26-40 GHz; for satellite internet and data transmission.
Sources Referred:
PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times