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World Wetlands Day, 2023

News: Wetlands serve to sustain natural cycles and support a wide variety of wildlife. They safeguard coasts and replenish water resources. They make up 4.7% of the geographical area of India. Currently, 30% of the Indian wetlands have disappeared. Additionally, 35% of wetlands have disappeared globally. The UN and other global organisations commemorate World Wetlands Day to raise awareness of the value of wetlands and to prevent their degradation.

• 2023 World Wetlands Day’s theme: ‘It’s time to restore wetlands’

Principal reasons for wetland deterioration

• Wetland deterioration is primarily caused by population increase. Erosion and ground subsidence are two examples of natural phenomena that lead to wetland deterioration.
• The idea to celebrate World Wetlands Day first surfaced in 1997. The first World Wetlands Day was observed in 2021, however, after the resolution had been adopted.

Five Primary Wetland Types

• Estuarine: region where a freshwater river empties into the sea
• Marine: The most productive and endangered wetlands are those that are found along coastlines.
• Lacustrine: Near the lakes are these marshes.
• Palustrine: A mineral that is found in swampy areas. They are prevalent in river mouths and deltas.
• Riverine: Found near rivers or riverbanks